Global Journal of Nursing, and Clinical Research
Global Journal of Nursing and Clinical Research (GJNCR) stands as a premier peer-reviewed international journal under the auspices of the Logan Institute of Health and Medical Sciences. It provides a distinguished platform for the dissemination of high-quality original research articles, systematic reviews, case studies, and brief communications in the fields of nursing practice, clinical research, public health nursing, healthcare management, and allied clinical sciences. GJNCR is committed to advancing evidence-based practice, improving patient care outcomes, and promoting innovative research that addresses contemporary challenges in global healthcare systems. The journal welcomes interdisciplinary contributions from scholars, clinicians, educators, and healthcare professionals worldwide. GJNCR enjoys wide recognition and indexing in esteemed academic databases such as Scientific Journal Impact Factor, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, Academia.edu, Open Air, and other reputable international research indexing platforms.
THE EVOLUTION OF PEDIATRIC NURSING EDUCATION IN EGYPT
Background: Neonatal nurses form the cornerstone of neonatal care units, especially neonates’ receiving parenteral nutrition. However, the application of this therapy requires a high degree of nurses’ practice and knowledge. Several studies showed that nurses’ performance regarding parenteral nutrition contributes significantly to the efficacy of this treatment. Aim of the study was to assess the impact of educational program on the performance of nurses in the area of parenteral nutrition. Settings: The research was conducted at Benha University hospital's Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Design: To accomplish this study's objective, a quasi-experimental design was implemented. Methods: A purposive sample composed of all neonatal nurses. Tools: Two instruments were utilized to collect the data: a structured questionnaire sheet and an observational checklist. Results: The age range of the nurses under study was 20–30 years on average, with the majority being female and less than one third attended training courses. After completing the educational program, the nurses' understanding of parenteral nutrition improved in a highly statistically significant way; the majority of them were able to provide accurate responses. A statistically significant correlation was seen between the nurses' overall understanding and implementation of parenteral nutrition procedures and specific variables, including age, academic credentials, years of experience in NICU, and attendance at training courses. A statistically significant positive association was seen between the overall knowledge of the nurses under study and their total practices, both before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The majority of post-intervention nurses possessed adequate expertise. Furthermore, a substantial and statistically significant disparity in overall parenteral nutrition practice was seen between the period before and after the intervention. A significant proportion of the nurses possessed proficient post-intervention skills. Recommendation: Continue applying similar educational programs to ensure that the nurses have update knowledge and skills in neonatal parenteral nutrition.
Nurses, Performance, parenteral nutrition, neonatal intensive care units.
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FEMORAL NUTRIENT FORAMINA MORPHOLOGY: INSIGHTS INTO VASCULAR SUPPLY AND SURGICAL STRATEGIES
Background: The Femur bone is a vascular structure with unique features in its blood supply via numerous foramina located over its different segments, being named as nutrient foramina. Among vascular foramina, nutrient foramen is an important one which gives way to the nutrient artery. Methods: This study was conducted using descriptive cross sectional based of the study designs & it will include 50 femur bones of different cadaveric specimen’s which will be obtained from the osteology section of our Department of Anatomy. All bones belonged to Sudanese cadavers, the age and gender of which are not determined. All the bones will macroscopically observe for the number, location and direction of the nutrient foramina. A magnifying lens were used to observe the foramina. The nutrient foramina were identified by the well-marked, often slightly raised, edge at the commencement of the canal. Results: The nutrient foramina of 50 dry adult human Femora, 38 Femora had single nutrient foramen, 9 had two nutrient foramina and 3had absent nutrient foramina. Location of 28 of single nutrient foramina were located at the junction of upper and middle 1/3rd of the femur, 4 of single nutrient foramina were located at the junction of middle and lower 1/3rd of the femur, 6 of single nutrient foramina were located in middle half of the length of the femur, 5 of double nutrient foramina were located in upper and middle position and 4 of double nutrient foramina located at upper and lower position .according to surface relationship ,37 of single nutrient foramen located at posterior surface and 1 at medial surface .7 of double nutrient foramina located at posterior surface and 3at medial surface all nutrient foramina were seen to be directed upwards.
nutrient foramina, vascular foramina, surgical and clinical impacts
HEMORRHAGE MANAGEMENT IN MYOMECTOMY: EVALUATING VARIOUS SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
Uterine myomas (fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterus. Myomectomy, the surgical removal of the myomas, is an important treatment option, especially for women who desire to preserve their uteri. The major problem with myomectomy is excessive bleeding from the increased uterine blood supply, which can be lifethreatening and prolong post-operative stay. Knowledge of the effectiveness of the interventions used to reduce blood loss during myomectomy is essential to enable evidence-based clinical decisions.
DIGITAL HEALTH TRANSFORMATION IN SAUDI ARABIA AMID COVID-19
The Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) recently established a COVID-19 mitigation strategy. The MOH strategy includes the use of digital health technology platforms (DHTPs). Methodology: Data visualisation techniques have recently been used to provide critical information to citizens via electronic platforms. Users can interact with data, interpret it, and make informed decisions by using data visualisation tools. Results: In public health and clinical practice, digital dashboards offer numerous benefits and optimisation opportunities. Total cases, total recovery, and activity have increased in Saudi Arabia since the beginning of the COVID-19 period. Conclusion: There was a widespread infodemic in response to COVID-19, disseminating a massive amount of misinformation and statistics. Some countries, however, such as Saudi Arabia, have implemented web-based communication solutions. On the COVID-19 dashboard, users discovered up-to-date, accurate, and trustworthy information about coronavirus cases.
COVID-19, Digital health, Digital health in Saudi Arabia, The impact of COVID-19 on Digital health, (DHTPs) in Saudi Arabia
ENHANCING MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The benefits of artificial intelligence have been extensively discussed in the medical literature. In the medical field, AI offers numerous advantages for fostering innovation. Methodology: AI requires the guidance of a model of reality, similar to those used in causal inference tasks, to achieve human-level intelligence. Results: AI has emerged as a potentially changing innovation in the medical industry, promising positive patient outcomes. A. I. provides medical practitioners with accurate and timely information, allowing for early diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: Various technologies are being adopted and tested in the medical field to increase automation. AI is now being used in the medical field to keep a digital medical record and conduct patient checkups using smart technologies.
AI, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence in medical field, AI in health care.
CEREBRAL SINUS VENOUS THROMBOSIS AND ITS OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS: A CASE REPORT ON HORIZONTAL BIDIRECTIONAL NYSTAGMUS
Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare case of stroke. The prevalence of CSVT in women is three times higher than in men, with the most frequent complaint being headache with a migraine-like pattern accompanied by accompanying complaints resembling stroke. Management for CSVT in the acute phase is anti-coagulants, either Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) with adjusted doses or Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH), with mortality depending on the location of thrombosis and neurological status. Case: In the case of a 25 years old man with the main complaint of headache that felt throbbing throughout the area of the head for 1 day ago which got worse and worsened with activity or coughing. Patients also complain of double vision which improves when one eye is closed. Neurological examination revealed left ocular papilledema, bidirectional horizontal nystagmus, binocular diplopia. Computed Tomography Venography (CTV) revealed an empty delta sign, thrombosis in the sigmoid sinus Dextra, distal internal jugular vein Dextra, transverse sinus Dextra, superior sagittal sinus. The patient received UFH for 5 days and the patient's condition improved. Next, the patient was planned for DSA
Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis, CSVT, migrain-like, D-Dimer
THE GROWTH AND TRANSFORMATION OF PARAMEDIC SERVICES IN SAUDI ARABIA
The EMS in Saudi Arabia has seen a number of positive changes, including the establishment of several university and college programmes dedicated to teaching EMS. Methodology: The EMS Department has a tiered pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) response. The first week of training includes airway management training. Early exposure to BLS and ALS airway techniques allows for the greatest amount of procedural experience Results: Emergency airway management is a critical component of critically ill patient resuscitation. The factors that contribute to this variation in success can be classified into three categories: system factors, patient factors, and paramedic experience. Conclusions: The implementation of a widespread EMS system in Saudi Arabia will not only improve patient safety and clinical outcomes, but will also have a positive impact on the health of our communities, resource utilisation, and the economy
EMS, paramedics, paramedic’s staff in Saudi Arabia, patient safety
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG LONG-DISTANCE DRIVERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR FAMILIES AND SOCIETY IN IWO, OSUN STATE
The Psychosocial implications of substance abuse on long distance drivers, families and society in Iwo Local Government garages of Osun state were studied to identify various substances of abuse, where they were often procured, how they were abuse and the common routes of administration. Interviews and questionnaire were used to elicit detail information from the respondents. The result of the study showed that larger percentage of the respondents were growing adults of age range 25-35 years. Poor parenting and broken homes are largely responsible for early exposure of most respondents to substance use and abuse. Among the legal drugs, alcohol and cigarette were the most commonly abuse while marijuana (Indian hemp) tops the category of illegal substance that is often abused due to the cost and non-availability of others like cocaine and heroin. The study also discovered multiple drug use in most drivers. Psychosocial implications of substance abuse were also discovered. These ranges from neglect of personal hygiene, family disruption, broken homes avoidable accidents and problems with the law enforcement agents. It was also discovered that, there is no enabling law or edict prohibiting hawking, sales and consumption of substance of abuse in motor garages and if such law ever exists, it is not enforced as substance of abuse were seen freely exchanging hands in these garages. And that is why peer group influence was so strong in the ways by which they are introduced to these drugs. Other reason according to the study is frustration due to bad economy in the country. Lastly, there is dearth need of information on the relationship of substance abuse and driving, further study is therefore needed in other local government areas and states to help government formulate definite pronouncement that will prohibit hawking, sales and consumption of substance use in garages nationwide
Substance abusers’ psychosocial implication long distance drivers, society and families
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION IN PSYCHIATRIC NURSING: A CASE STUDY OF ARO, ABEOKUTA
Information and communication technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology. It is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communication and the integrated of communication. It comprises of computing technology, the internet and other accessories which enable users to access, store, transmit and manipulate information. The objectives of this study are to determine the level of knowledge in the use of ICT among nurses. To determine the perception of nurses about ICT, to access the extent of ICT utilization among nurses to identify the factor militating against ICT use among nurses. This study therefore aims to bridge the gap by identifying various factors affecting utilization and perception of nurses towards ICT use, thus serving as a guide to interventions necessary to facilitate ICT use among nurses thus improving standard of practice. The study was conducted using a convenience sampling techniques and questionnaires as instrument on 90 nurses who are on the institution’s payroll. The findings revealed that only 86.6% (78) out of 90 respondents possess ICT skill and 62(68.9%) of all the respondents have heard of the term “information and communication technology before” and not all the respondents has the correct perception towards ICT. Also, ICT is not in use at all in patient management in N.P.H, Aro Abeokuta. The study showed that all nurses in N.P.H., Aro no matter the rank or gender have an averagely positive perception of ICT adoption and use in healthcare services. Several barriers however, which ranges from limited knowledge on computer skills, fear of change, lack of user training in ICT usage, managerial problems (which include poor administrative policy on ICT) to the application related challenges (Which include complexity of the equipment) were identified. Hence it was recommended that nurse manger need to collaborate with other stake holders in health care institution to draft a workable policy towards the adoption and use of ICT for health care.
Utilization Information and Communication Neuropsychiatric Hospital
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO REDUCING BLOOD SAMPLE REJECTIONS IN MALE SURGICAL WARDS
This article gives you important guidelines for the preparation of a research paper for publication in Research Publish Journals. Clinical laboratories play a vital role in patient diagnosis and management. However, blood specimens may be rejected for a variety of reasons, which may have substantial clinical consequences for patient safety. The quality team observed significant numbers of rejected samples from the surgical department and inpatient units due to hemolysis. Methods: Retrospective study conducted at King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, KSA, for six months' period; January 1, 2016 to June 1, 2016. Data were collected from Corttex (Health Care Operation System). The method was based on the FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement method focusing on the pre-analytical phase of the laboratory testing. The team identified pre-analytical errors as the primary reason for rejections. A multidisciplinary team was formed and tested several changes, including phlebotomy education, competency validation by direct observations, the use of appropriate consumables for sampling, and physician education for proper orders. All specimens sent for blood chemistry, arterial blood gas analysis, hematology, and coagulation tests were included. Microbiology test specimens and point-of-care testing samples were excluded. Results: The data show that the rate of specimen rejection was high in the first three months of the year (Jan, Feb, and Mar) and duplicated test order was the commonest cause for rejection followed by cancelled specimens which was a statistically significant reduction. Conclusions: Using FOCUS-PDCA Methodology we able to reduce the rate of rejected samples in Male Surgical wards 74.7% from the previous record. Moreover, the model shed the light on how crucial the pre-analytical phase for laboratory quality improvement process, its effect on cost reduction, and the importance of staff competency and utilization
Rejection, Male Surgical Wards, Phlebotomy, Corttex, Blood samples, FOCUS-PDCA Methodology
HEALTHCARE RESPONSES TO EATING DISORDERS AND OBESITY IN SAUDI ARABIA: GAPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Over the last few decades, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced rapid socio-cultural changes caused by the accelerating economy of the Arabian Gulf region. This was associated with major changes in food choices and eating habits, which became progressively more “Westernized”. Such a “nutritional transition” has been claimed to be responsible for the rising rates of overweight and obesity recently observed among the Saudi population. The prevalence of obesity among adults in Saudi Arabia is 24.7% in 2020. However, the roles of psychology in obesity management and the assessment of metabolic surgery are not clear. This study aims to identify the number of referrals for eating disorders (ED) and obesity, the management and level of availability of ED specialists as reported by healthcare staff, and the use of mental health services in treating EDs and obesity. A total of 15 health services in SA were surveyed and 123 questionnaires completed by health professionals. Participants were asked to respond to a written survey that included questions regarding the number of referrals for EDs and obesity and the available treatment, as well as body mass index criteria for metabolic surgery and the number of patients referred for these procedures. Findings revealed that all EDs are equally prevalent in diverse cultures. Although the result showed that the obesity rate is high, there is limited psychological intervention. There is a requirement for specialised ED training, a need to identify a conceptual framework to provide evidence-based management and increase the levels of involvement of psychiatric professionals in the management of obesity
Nutritional transition, Obesity management, Eating disorders (ED), Psychological intervention,Metabolic surgery.
EMPLOYEE STRESS MANAGEMENT AND JOB SATISFACTION IN THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY
Stress is hard to avoid since it pervades all aspects of our lives. Assisting restaurant managers in developing relationships with their employees can aid in stress management. The objective should not be to remove all stress; instead, it should be to reduce unnecessary stress while effectively managing the rest. Stress relievers that cure stress on both a physical and psychological level are typically included in the most successful stress management regimens. the workplace is important because it can have a positive and negative impact on employee engagement. While concealing one's emotions might make participation more difficult, being in an aggressive environment can have the opposite effect. Employee engagement may be harmed by the frequency with which others in your environment openly and consistently express unpleasant feelings. Restaurant owners are becoming increasingly worried about workplace stress. Age, civil status and departmental position have no bearing on how stressed an employee is. Stress is a problem that affects all employees, regardless of their level of education or other circumstances. As a result, when restaurant employees in Dasmarias Cavite are categorized according to their demographic profile, there is no substantial variation in the impact of stress management.
Stress, Physical, Workplace, Employees, Environment
THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MUSIC AND CHILDHOOD LEARNING AND GROWTH
Music is a part of our life from the time we are born. It is a combination of melodies and harmony that one not only hears but also feels, touches the soul. It is the universal language that has the power to control our emotions -happy sad angry relaxed accepting. Scholars over years have proposed many functions that music and listening to music might fulfil a person. There are different theoretical approaches, different methods and different samples used, that have been provided a very heterogeneous picture about the applications of music therapy. To a child its parents baby talk is a powerful stimulus to the auditory and speech perception that he or she latter on develops into the baby talking. The song hummed to come the child acts as an accomplice and companion to the adult when he or she has moments of anxiety or euphoria. By this the emotional quality of life of the adults is tremendously affected and enhanced. Song and dance moving rhythmically to music develops articulation, motor perception and breath control even helping in their social perception and cognition, relationship and interaction. As the child finds it difficult to express the emotion, music is his getaway that enhances the sense of self awareness and the use of language, hearing and memory. Music helps in sharpening and fine tuning the five senses that are instrumental in assisting the children with psychological disorders. Music may be used as a tool to treat children those who need more focused clinical support.
Music therapy, cognition, conduct, interpersonal skills, arousal regulation, mood regulation, child development, emotional development, psychosocial wellbeing
DETERMINANTS OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Anemia is characterized by a low concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia is a worldwide public health problem that affects people of all ages and has significant implications for human health, as well as social and economic development. Anemia is a common health problem among pregnant women in poor countries, with a higher prevalence than in developed countries. The impact of anemia on pregnant women causes babies to be born with low birth weight, as well as maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Identifying the factors associated with anemia is very important in controlling and preventing anemia and its adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for anemia in pregnant women. This research is a literature study that uses Google Scholar, ResearchGate, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science as search engines. From this literature study, the results of the analysis of risk factors for anemia in pregnant women are age, education level, place of residence, type of profession, parity, gestational age, antenatal care visits, intake of iron tablet supplementation and body mass index (BMI). Based on the study conducted, there is a strong relationship between age, education level, place of residence, type of profession, parity, gestational age, antenatal care visits, intake of iron tablet supplementation and body mass index (BMI).
Anemia, Pregnant Women, Risk Factors, Social Demographic Factors
DIABETIC FOOT RISK ASSESSMENT IN PRIMARY HEALTHCARE: A CASE STUDY AT PUSKESMAS SERIRIT 1
Diabetes Melitus (DM) is a chronic disease which its cases has continued to increase in the last decades. One of the most common complications is Diabetic foot which may cause the amputation. Early detection of Diabetic foot risk becomes very important so that the treatment can be started as early as possible for preserving the limbs. The present study aimed to identify the Diabetic foot risk in Diabetic patients admitting to Puskesmas Seririt 1. We conducted a qualitative study with cross sectional approach. Forty Diabetic patients who admitted to Puskesmas Seririt 1 in December 2021 were enrolled by the consequtive sampling technique. The data collection was based on interviews and physical examination, regarding “The Simplified 60-Second Diabetic Foot Screen” questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using the frequency distribution tables. From this study, it can be inferred that 45% respondents are at high risk to suffer from The Diabetic Foot. Higher risk is more experienced by the men (61,1%), age between 55-64 years old (44,4%), Overweight (50%), Hypertension (77,8%), less than 5 years being diagnosed with Diabetes (72,2 %), unemployment (33,3%) and elementary school as the former education level (44,4%). The early detection of Diabetic foot risk is the main priority in the prevention approach to reduce the complication. It is very important not only to increase the promotion but also to maintain the general practitioners and nurses’ competencies
Diabetes Melitus, Diabetic Foot, Diabetic Foot Risk
COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY: CONTRIBUTING FACTORS IN JARA MARA PATI NURSING HOME
The life expectancy of the the elderly continues to increase due to the development of medical science. It may cause the rapidly growing of elderly population. To preserve the cognitive function of the elderly become one of the most important approaches to maintain their quality of life. The present study aimed to identify the contributing factors that will influence the cognitive impairment of the elderly to optimalize the approach to preserve the cognitive function. We conducted the analytic observational study using cross sectional approach. The data was collected from 35 older adults using total sampling technique in Jara Mara Pati Nursing Home, Buleleng, Bali. The cognitive function was measured by the Bahasa Version of MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) questionnaire. Hearing impairment was evaluated by the HHIE-S (Hearing Handicap Inventory for the ElderlyScreening) questionnaire. Edmonton Frail Scale was used to identify the severity of frail. While, the independency was evaluated using the ADL Barthel Index. Ten out of 35 samples (28,6%) have normal cognitive function while the other twenty-five (71,4%) have from cognitive impairment. From the statistical analysis, it can be found that the gender (p = 0,030), former educational level (p = 0,000), hearing impairment (p = 0,022), and independency level (p = 0,033) will influence the cognitive function significantly. Meanwhile, the age (p = 0,465), BMI (p = 0,543), and frailty state (p = 0,101) don’t significantly influence the cognitive function. From this study, there are 25 samples (71,4%) who have cognitive impairment. We found that the gender, former educational level, hearing impairment, and the independency level are statistically significant and contribute to cognitive impairment.
cognitive, elderly, independency, hearing, frailty
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RADIOLOGY EDUCATION: ASSESSING MEDICAL STUDENTS’ VIEWS AND UNDERSTANDING
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare system has been widely used especially in the branch of radiology. Therefore, it is important for medical students to know about the uses of AI in radiology. A questionnaire using Google Forms was created with questions that were made to assess the perceptions and knowledge of medical students about AI in radiology. This questionnaire was distributed among preclinical medical students from Udayana University, Bali. Respondents from this survey were 222 medical students from semester 3, semester 5 and semester 7. The perceptions and knowledge of medical students about artificial intelligence in radiology will be identified by distributing a questionnaire for them to fill up. Out of the 222 respondents, 170 respondents who knew about AI before taking the survey were required to answered the questions about their perceptions and knowledge about AI in radiology. The anonymity of respondents was ensured. The results were obtained from the analysis of Google Form. The conclusion is that majority of the preclinical medical students were interested to learn more about AI in radiology. Most of them agreed that AI gives advantages to radiology by saving time and workload yet they do not think that AI will replace the jobs of radiologists in the future.
Medical students, Artificial Intelligence, Radiology, Perceptions and Knowledge, Artificial intelligence in radiology.
HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS
Evidence-based interventions can reduce the risk and incidence of complications such as nosocomial infections. VAP is a pulmonary infection that appears after two days of endotracheal intubation and when invasive mechanical ventilation is used. Nurses’ knowledge would facilitate optimal delivery of patient care, increase confidence in making appropriate decisions, and prevent poor outcomes in the recovery of mechanically ventilated patients. We aimed to assess critical care nurses' knowledge regarding EBGs for the prevention of VAP. Method: A cross-sectional study that was conducted in the adult ICU at King Faisal Hospital in Makah in the period between January and June 2019. A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was adapted and used to achieve the study objectives Results: A total of 100 nurses participated in the study. The mean knowledge score for the study participants was 17.9 (SD: 2.5) out of 25 (representing 71.6% out of the maximum score) and ranged between 9 and 23. Around 41% of the participants achieved less than 60% (fail), 35% achieved a score between 60-75% (poor knowledge), and only 24% of the participants showed satisfactory scores (≥ 75%). Nationality, level of education, and professional years of experience were important factors that influenced nurses’ knowledge regarding the EBGs for the prevention of VAP. Non-Saudi nurses, those with a master’s degree, and those with a longer duration of professional experience showed higher knowledge scores compared to others (p≤0.05). Conclusion: ICU nurses showed a high level of knowledge concerning basic nursing interventions. However, nurses lack knowledge concerning interventions recommended in the EBGs for the prevention of VAP. Nationality, years working in ICU and level of education were important factors that influenced nurses’ knowledge of EBGs for the prevention of VAP.
Intensive Care Units; Knowledge; Nurses; Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Nurses; Saudi Arabia.
CENTRAL LINE-ASSOCIATED BLOODSTREAM INFECTION PREVENTION: KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT AMONG CRITICAL CARE NURSES
Intravascular catheters (CVC) are commonly used in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) for multiple purposes. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) could be associated with using CVCs. Nurses can be educated and motivated to implement interventions that facilitate and improve patient outcomes. Certainly, noncompliance with the CLABSI bundle, can negatively impact patient outcomes. Only limited studies in Saudi Arabia have evaluated nurses' knowledge about current prevention guidelines for CLABSI. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2019 to determine the level of critical care nurses' knowledge of the CDC's guidelines for CLABSI prevention. Previously validated instrument was used to achieve the study objectives. Results: A total of 100 nurses participated in the study. The vast majority of them (94%) they heard about the CLABSI guidelines and 78% receive training for applying the CLABSI guidelines. Only 13% of the nurses had fully mastered the guidelines. Shortage of nurses and overwork was the main barrier to compliance to CLABSI guidelines. The overall knowledge score was 13.07 (±4.0) out of 20. There is a lack of knowledge CLABSI guidelines, since only 39% of nurses had a high score, whereas 43% had an average level of knowledge and 18% had a weak level. Conclusion: These findings indicate a potential risk for patient safety and highlights the need for providing continuous educational programmes to improve patients’ outcomes in the ICUs. Improvement of ICU nurses’ knowledge is greatly needed regarding the prevention guidelines for CLABSI.
Bloodstream infection; Central line; Knowledge; Nurses; Saudi Arabia
SKIPPING BREAKFAST AND STUDENT PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM EASTERN UNIVERSITY, SRI LANKA
As a significant dietary source for energy, the breakfast is considered as an important meal of the day and skipping of breakfast affects mental, physical activity of people. Worldwide, undergraduate university students have the habits of skipping meals particularly breakfast. Since there were very few literatures available on the impacts of skipping breakfast on academic performance of the students, we endeavor to put forward a study to assess the prevalence of skipping breakfast and its association with academic performance. A Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among all batches of Nursing and Medical students of Eastern University Sri Lanka. Considering the total number of (488) students the sample size was estimated as 253. An online data collection was carried out using a pilot tested and self-administered questionnaire. According to the finding of this study, the prevalence of breakfast skipping among the students was 36%. Significant differences were seen in various parameters such as memory, concentration, grades obtained and attendance between breakfast skippers and breakfast non-skippers. Breakfast consumption is associated with a range of positive outcomes and skipping breakfast leads to negatively impacts in the academic performance
Food habits, Skipping breakfast, Academic performance
ELDERLY VULNERABILITY IN A PANDEMIC: A DISCUSSION ON ABUSE AND NEGLECT
This article focuses on elder abuse and neglect as a growing social problem that became worse due to the covid-19 pandemic. With an expounding increase in the older population projected in the next ten years, it is crucial that professionals working in the Gerontology industry receive a comprehensive training in identifying, comprehending, addressing, and preventing elder abuse and neglect. This article provides information on different types of elder abuse and neglect, indicators, risk factors, theories of abuse, and caregiver issues while the older adults are dealing with isolation due to the pandemic.
Elder abuse, elder neglect, indicators of elder abuse, pandemic, isolation
EXPLORING HEALTH AND LIFESTYLE DETERMINANTS AMONG UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES IN THE CONTEXT OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
Advancements in technology and vaccines have significantly reduced the morbidities and mortalities associated with infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. However, deaths and disabilities due to non-communicable diseases are on the rise globally. Lifestyle behaviors (LB) play a crucial role in health, wellness, and quality of life. This study assessed the health and wellness lifestyle practices of staff at a tertiary educational institution amidst the prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire on health and wellness, completed by 472 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically Chi-square tests, at an alpha level of 0.05. The respondents, aged between 23 and 64 years, comprised 45.8% males and 54.2% females. The general knowledge on participation in moderate physical activity (GKMPA) was found to be good (60%). High percentages of respondents reported effective stress avoidance strategies (77.7%), avoidance of unsafe sexual practices (76.3%), and adherence to speed limits and seat belt usage while driving (58.8%). However, knowledge on the use of fire safety devices was poor (28.8%). Significant associations were found between age (X2=12.090, p=0.034) and staff status (X2=11.639, p=0.001) with GKMPA. Additionally, gender, age, and religion were significantly associated with fatty diet restriction, avoidance of destructive habits, and possession of fire extinguishers (p<0.05). Safe sexual orientation was significantly associated with age (X2=20.590, p=0.014) and educational status (X2=10.936, p=0.027). The findings indicate that most workers in the tertiary institution exhibit positive lifestyle behaviors towards physical activity as an aspect of wellness
Lifestyle behaviors, Health and wellness, non-communicable diseases, Physical activity, Tertiary education staff
THE IMPACT OF MALARIA ON HEMOSTASIS: A STUDY OF PATIENTS FROM SEMI-URBAN ENDEMIC AREAS
Malaria a mosquito-borne protozoon infection is one of the health challenges facing majority of people living in sub-Sahara Africa including Nigeria (an endemic region). The causative agents Plasmodium species parasitizes host erythrocytes and destroys its hemoglobin thereby causing anaemia in some of the infected individuals. This study evaluated some haemostatic parameters of malaria parasitized subjects living in Owo-Ondo State. Haemostatic parameters (Prothrombin time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Platelet count) in 100 subjects, including 50 malaria-infected and 50 non-malarias infected, living in Owo-Ondo State, an area of malaria mesoendemic transmission in Nigeria were evaluated using standard operating procedure. There was a significant prolongation in PT and APTT in among the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group (p< 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease (p< 0.05) in the platelet counts of the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. Subjects infected with malaria parasites exhibited significant changes in some haemostatic parameters, thus inclusion of these parameters in malaria diagnosis could aid in patients’ treatment
Malaria, Haemostatic, Platelets, Prothrombin, Thromboplastin, Infection
FUGL-MEYER ASSESSMENT SCALE: PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION FOR IGBO STROKE SURVIVORS
Stroke survivors experience impaired motor function of affected limbs. However, improvements in motor function are possible and important as it helps reduce its negative effects on the activities of daily living, contributing to better quality of life. Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) is a tool for determining impaired motor functions. This has not been translated to Igbo language and so poses some restrictions for most stroke survivors not literate enough. Hence this study was designed to test psychometrically a cross-culturally adapted Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Igbo stroke survivors. A total of 40 participants, involving 20 stroke survivors and 20 age- and sex-matched normal subjects completed an Igbo version of the FMA. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Igbo translated FMA tool were assessed using cronbach-α and Spearman correlation respectively while the construct and criterion-related validities were evaluated using independent t-test and Spearman correlation respectively. Level of significance was set at α = 0.05. The items of the FMA instruments, demonstrated an excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90. The FMA Igbo version had a good test-retest reliability for both the upper extremity (r = 0.636, p = 0.003), and the lower extremity (r = 0.580, p = 0.007). It has an excellent criterion-related validity for both the upper extremity (r = 0.833, p = 0.001), and the lower extremity (r = 0.708, p = 0.001). Finally, it has a excellent construct validity for both the upper extremity (t = 14.497, p < 0.001) and the lower extremity (t = 11.289, p < 0.001). The Igbo version of Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (for both upper and lower extremities) is a valid and reliable form of the original English version. This Igbo translated version can therefore be used to assess motor functions in Igbo speaking stroke survivors
Motor Function, Igbo, Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale, Psychometric Testing, Stroke Survivors.
A CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF FOOT ARCH INDEX AND QUADRICEPS ANGLE IN KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS AT NATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS HOSPITAL ENUGU
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in joints, potentially altering joint biomechanics such as the quadriceps (Q) angle. The biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint is influenced by the direction and magnitude of force exerted by the quadriceps muscle, which may also impact foot biomechanics. This study aimed to determine the relationship between foot arch index (FAI) and Q-angle among patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted with 58 adults with KOA from the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu. Q-angle, pain intensity (PI), and FAI were assessed using a goniometer, numerical pain rating scale, and the Staheli's equation, respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient at an alpha level of 0.05. The results indicated no significant relationship between right (r=0.066, p=0.624) and left (r=0.171, p=0.199) FAI and their ipsilateral Q-angle. Additionally, no significant relationship was found between right (r=0.19, p=0.15) and left (r=0.05, p=0.76) knee pain PI and their ipsilateral Q-angle. However, a significant relationship was observed between right foot PI and right Q-angle (r=0.41, p=0.001), while no significant relationship was found between left foot pain intensity and left Q-angle (r=0.41, p=0.76). The findings suggest that foot deformity may lead to patella lateral rotation, increasing the Q-angle and potentially predisposing the knee to osteoarthritis. Evaluating the Q-angle and arch index could provide additional insights for treating patients with knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, physiotherapeutic assessment should include an evaluation of the Q-angle.
Osteoarthritis, Q-angle, Foot arch index, Patellofemoral biomechanics, Pain intensity
TERTIARY INSTITUTION WORKERS' HEALTH PRACTICES: ADDRESSING THE RISE OF LIFESTYLE DISEASES
Despite significant advancements in vaccines and technologies reducing morbidities and mortalities from infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasingly contributing to global deaths and disabilities. Lifestyle behaviors (LB) are critically linked to health, wellness, and quality of life. This study assesses the health and wellness lifestyle practices among staff at a tertiary educational institution in the context of prevalent lifestyle-related diseases. An analytical cross-sectional design was employed, using self-administered structured questionnaires on health and wellness completed by 472 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square tests, were utilized for data analysis at an alpha level of 0.05. The respondents, aged between 23 and 64 years, comprised 45.8% males and 54.2% females. General knowledge about participation in moderate physical activity (GKMPA) as a lifestyle habit was good among 60% of respondents. Additionally, there were high levels of stress avoidance strategies (77.7%), avoidance of unsafe sexual practices (76.3%), and adherence to speed limits and seat belt use while driving (58.8%). However, knowledge about the use of fire safety devices was notably poor (28.8%). Significant associations were found between age (X²=12.090, p=0.034) and staff status (X²=11.639, p=0.001) with GKMPA. Gender, age, and religion were significantly associated (p<0.05) with fatty diet restriction, avoidance of destructive habits, and possession of fire extinguishers. Safe sexual orientation was significantly associated with age (X²=20.590, p=0.014) and educational status (X²=10.936, p=0.027). The study concludes that most workers in tertiary institutions exhibit positive lifestyle behaviors towards physical activity as part of wellness. However, there is a need for improved education on fire safety and other critical health practices to ensure comprehensive wellness.
Lifestyle Behaviors, Health and Wellness, Non-Communicable Diseases, Tertiary Institution Physical Activity